| Customization: | Available |
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| CAS No.: | 27025-41-8 |
| Formula: | C10h17n3o6s |
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| Product Name | l-Glutathione Oxidized (GSSG) |
| Description | A white crystalline powder |
| Optical Rotation | -96°~ -106° |
| Appearance of Solution | Clear and Colorless |
| Solubility | Freely Soluble in water |
| Purity(HPLC) | 98% - 100.0% |
| Heavy Metals | no more than 10ppm |
| Moisture | no more than 6% |
L-glutathione oxidized often denoted as GSSG, represents the altered form of glutathione resulting from its exposure to oxidative stress. In this state, glutathione undergoes a chemical transformation, losing electrons and its antioxidant capacity. This oxidized state is a natural part of the cellular redox cycle, where reduced glutathione (GSH) converts to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) during the process of neutralizing free radicals. The balance between these two forms is crucial for cellular health, emphasizing the significance of glutathione in managing oxidative damage and maintaining the delicate equilibrium essential for various physiological functions in the body.
1. Oxidized glutathione is a molecule that is formed when glutathione, an antioxidant, loses an electron. It is also known as glutathione disulfide. The primary function of oxidized glutathione is to be reduced back to glutathione by the enzyme glutathione reductase. This process is essential for maintaining the balance of oxidized and reduced glutathione in cells, which is important for protecting cells from oxidative stress.
2. GSSG, although commonly considered the "spent" or oxidized state of glutathione, serves a crucial purpose. It acts as a reservoir of oxidizing equivalents and participates in enzymatic reactions that eliminate toxins from the body. Moreover, GSSG is involved in signaling pathways that regulate cellular functions, contributing to processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. The interplay between reduced and oxidized glutathione underscores the dynamic nature of cellular defense mechanisms, emphasizing the significance of both forms in maintaining overall cellular health and resilience against oxidative challenges.
3. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) plays a pivotal role in cellular redox homeostasis and detoxification processes within the body. Its primary function lies in its involvement in the glutathione redox cycle, an essential mechanism for mitigating oxidative stress. As cells combat environmental stressors or encounter free radicals generated during metabolic processes, reduced glutathione (GSH) transforms into its oxidized form (GSSG) while neutralizing these harmful entities.
1. Redox Homeostasis: GSSG is an integral part of the cellular redox balance. The dynamic equilibrium between GSH and GSSG ensures that cells can respond to oxidative stress and maintain optimal functioning.
2. Detoxification: GSSG participates in detoxification processes within cells. It serves as a substrate for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which neutralizes harmful peroxides and facilitates the removal of toxins from the body.
3. Glutathione Redox Cycle: The glutathione redox cycle involves the continuous interconversion of GSH and GSSG. This cycle is crucial for scavenging free radicals, protecting cellular structures, and sustaining the cellular antioxidant defense system.
4. Enzymatic Reactions: GSSG is involved in various enzymatic reactions within cells. It acts as a co-factor for certain enzymes, contributing to metabolic processes and cellular functions.
5. Cell Signaling: Beyond its role in redox reactions, GSSG is implicated in cell signaling pathways. It modulates the activity of proteins involved in cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression.
6. Immune Function: GSSG has immunomodulatory effects. It influences the activity of immune cells, contributing to the body's defense against pathogens and foreign invaders.
7. Antioxidant Recycling: GSSG can be recycled back to GSH through enzymatic reactions catalyzed by glutathione reductase. This recycling mechanism enhances the overall antioxidant capacity of the cell.
8. Protein S-Glutathionylation: S-Glutathionylation, a reversible post-translational modification, involves the addition of a glutathione moiety to cysteine residues in proteins. This modification can regulate protein function and cellular responses to oxidative stress.
9. Cellular Function and Viability: The balance between GSH and GSSG is critical for maintaining cellular function and viability. Disruptions in this balance, leading to an increase in GSSG levels, can be indicative of oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction.
10. Neuronal Health: GSSG has implications for neuronal health. Oxidative stress is a factor in neurodegenerative diseases, and maintaining the redox balance through the glutathione system, including GSSG, is crucial for neuronal protection.
11. Antiproliferative Effects: GSSG has been associated with antiproliferative effects on certain types of cancer cells. Understanding its role in regulating cell growth may offer insights into potential therapeutic strategies.
12. Reduction of Disulfide Bonds: GSSG participates in the reduction of disulfide bonds in proteins, contributing to the maintenance of proper protein structure and function.
Package detail:1-5kg/aluminum foil bag; 20-25Kgs in Cardboard drum with two PE bags inside
We offer free samples ranging from 30-100g for testing purposes if you find our prices suitable and our product meets your requirements. However, the buyer is responsible for covering the freight costs. Our samples are securely packed in PE/Aluminum Foil Bags for safe transportation. Additionally, we provide a Certificate of Analysis (COA) for the batch within three months.
1. Assay customization
Regular: more than 98%
High assay: more than 99%
Low assay: specified assay+specified auxiliary materials
2. Density Customization
Regular: about 0.35g/ml
High density: more than 0.45g/ml
Low density: less than 0.3g/ml
3. Mesh customization
Regular: 100 mesh
Good liquidity: 20-80 mesh
Strong graininess: 40-60 mesh
GSH BIO-TECH is an innovative high-tech enterprise with the core of enzyme catalysis technology in the field of synthetic biology and the interdisciplinary application of multidisciplinary technology. The aim is to develop biotechnology and industrialization of high value-added API. The p ioneer of the global enzymatic catalyzed coupled ATP regeneration technology, we advocate green production and has been committed to providing customers with better and more environmentally friendly products and services. As a powerful production-oriented enterprise, we truly integrate R&D, production and sales, with stable supply and quality for customers and double guarantee of service.
The company's main products are L-glutathione reduced (GSH), β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), Citicoline Sodium (CDPC) and other raw materials. The acid market share ranks among the top three in China, and the products are exported to Europe, America, South Korea, India and other parts of the world.
1. R&D CENTER:
Beijing Tiankaiyida Bio-Technology Co.,LTD.
The company R&D center is located in Beijing Fengtai Science and Technology Park, with complete molecular biology, synthetic biology and fermentation laboratories. The R&D team is composed of well-known domestic universities and personnel studying in the United States and Germany. The company's research and development of GSH, NMN and other production technologies are internationally leading, all of which are self-developed enzymatic technology and have obtained a number of national patents. Meanwhile, we have also applied for various product certificates, such as KOSHER, HALAL, ISO9001, FDA, HACCP, BRC, etc.
2. PRODUCTION BASES:
The factory is designed and constructed in accordance with GMP requirements, and production and operation comply with EUGMP requirements.
Anhui GSH production base: It covers an area of 20,000 m2, has a construction area of 10,000 m2, invested 120 million in production equipment and 20 million in safety and environmental protection. Annual capaticy of GSH can reach around 200tons.
Jilin Aoteng production base: Annual capaticy of GSH is 70tons, GMP standard plant, strict quality control system.
Jilin GSH production base: It's our third factory, located in Yanbian "West Gate"-- Jilin Dunhua. The new plant, with an investment of 580 million yuan, will cover an area of 62,000 square meters and a construction area of 33,000 square meters. It will mainly build standard fermentation workshops, reaction workshops, purification workshops and crystallization workshops, as well as raw materials, product warehouse. It is estimated that during the 14th five-year plan period, the annual capaticy of NMN will be over 1000 tons.
3. MARKET HEADQUARTER: Shenzhen GSH Bio-Technology Co.,LTD.
>Our product is produce based on USP41, EP and CP standard.
>100% QC in produce process and before package.
>We are certified manufacturer with ISO9001,KOSHER,HALAL,FDA.
> 25kg/drum with 2 plastic bags inside, or 1kg/aluminum foil bag and customized is accept.
>Yes, we usually provide 30-100g free sample for you to testing quality.
>We accept T/T in advance, L/C at sight.
>Delivery will be in 3-5 day once received payment.
>We cooperate with Fedex ,UPS, and shipping can by Air/Sea.
>Yes, our annual capacity is 20-50 tons and we have warehouse to assure the supplying on time.
>Usually we quote within 24 hours after we get your inquiry.
>The free sample is ready for delivery in 1-3 days. The samples will be sent to you via express and arrive in 3-5 days.
>We accept EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF, etc. You can choose the one which is the most convenient or cost effective for you.
>Usually 100% T/T in advance.
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